Essay examples --

Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative data. First we will begin my defining just what qualitative and quantitative data is. Qualitative data is data that can be observed, but not measured. It also deals with descriptions of variables: color, appearance, taste, etc. It is characterized by no numerical values. Quantitative data is data that can be measured. It deals with numbers: length, weight, time, etc. â€Å"While the goals of some data collection may be exclusively qualitative or quantitative, in many cases both are desirable (O’Rourke & O’Rourke, 2000).† For qualitative observations, researchers watch and record whatever seems interesting to them. The people and animals that are observed in these research experiments are called participants and subjects. The locations of the observations are called study sites. Researchers tend to rely on gatekeepers, or informants, in their observations. There are six different types of qualitative observations: participant observations, ethnographic observations, case studies, archaeological data, focus groups, and naturalistic animal studies. â€Å"Qualitative research within development faces particular challenges as it is often conducted by researchers either not socialized in a discipline such as anthropology or sociology, which has clear guidelines for fieldwork and note taking, or so resource constrained as to be unable to follow them (Camfield & Palmer-Jones, 2013).† For quantitative direct observations, they exist in numbers and conditions so that they can be counted. The number may be an actual value, test score, or may reflect an arbitrary value. These observations are conducted by researchers counting the frequency of one or more variables and these observations ar... ...When this takes place, it again reduces the validity of the observation. Even though there are many advantages and disadvantages to self-reporting, no other method would collect the same detailed, in-depth information from participants. References: Camfield, Laura & Palmer-Jones, Richard. Improving the quality of development research: What could archiving qualitative data for reanalysis and revisiting research sites contribute? Progress in Developmental Studies. Oct2013, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p343-338. Ellis, L., Walsh, A., & Hartley, R. D. (2010). Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. O’Rourke, Thomas W. & O’Rourke, Diane P. Bridging the qualitative-quantitative data canyon. American Journal of Health Studies. 2000, Vol.16 Issue 1, p52-54.

Smartphone Sector Between Attack and Defense Strategies

Smartphone sector between attack and defense strategies The macro-environment of smartphone sector is very complex and dynamic, especially in the technological aspect like the recent tablet invention. The aggressive competition between companies pushed them to adopt many kinds of actions and strategies to protect their position in the market and to anticipate any unexpected changes in the future. In fact, like military, companies take the position of attacker or defender. One attack strategy which is called bypass technic is materialized by new ideas, concepts and a high hardware and software innovation.For example, with the sleek and beautiful design of Samsung and iPhone the longtime leader Nokia had been easily overtook. However, this basic strategy requires a huge investment in research and development and particularly in Android operating system including downloads, videos, photos, blogs, internet surfing, etc. Moreover, companies can also attack directly their competitors with reducing prices and improving quality to satisfied customers and to enhance the brand image. This strategy was used by iPhone in 2007, by reducing the price from $599 to $399 – a 33% rebate – after only 3 months from the initial product launch.Nonetheless, this decision has been judged as a mistake for the reason that Apple most faithful costumers have rightfully felt being betrayed and exploited. They could have waited 6 more months before reducing the price of the iPhone, or they could have delayed the iPhone launch for 3 months, or they could have decided to price the iPhone at $399 since the initial launch. and since July 2008, the iPhone 3G is sold at $199, 50% less than the September 2007 price, 66% less than the launch price of just one year earlier. Like those mistakes prove that direct attack strategies require a perfect policy prices.Flank strategies are quite used in this sector . we can mention for instance the decision of iPhone to prosecute Samsung for th e pretext that the company has imitated its design and concepts. That’s show that iPhone focus on Samsung weaknesses to influence the customer behavior. However, companies aren’t always in the position of attacker and often counterattack their competitors. For example, when apple introduced 5-megapixel camera, LED flash and Photo and video geotagging in its iPhone 4S, Samsung launched its Galaxy range to preserve its market share.In other side, the increasing rhythm of innovation pushed smartphone producers to avoid direct confrontation especially if there is a big gap between competitors. For instance, Nokia is now unable to recuperate its leadership in Mobil phone sector and try now to target specific customers, particularly lower middle classes. After those global analyses of the smartphone sector, we will identify below the leader’s strategies and what segmentation is using. Samsung outshines Apple in smartphone shipments, market shareTop Five Smartphone Ven dors, Shipments, and Market Share Q3 2011 (Units in Millions) Vendor| 3Q11 Unit Shipments| 3Q11 Market Share| 3Q10 Unit Shipments| 3Q10 Market Share| Year-over-year Change| Samsung| 23. 6| 20. 0%| 7. 3| 8. 8%| 223. 3%| Apple| 17. 1| 14. 5%| 14. 1| 17. 0%| 21. 3%| Nokia| 16. 8| 14. 2%| 26. 5| 32. 0%| -36. 6%| HTC| 12. 7| 10. 8%| 5. 9| 7. 1%| 115. 3%| Research In Motion| 11. 8| 10. 0%| 12. 4| 15. 0%| -4. 8%| Others| 36. 1| 30. 6%| 16. 6| 20. 0%| 117. 5%| Total| 118. 1| 100. 0%| 82. 8| 100. 0%| 42. 6%| http://news. cnet. com

Development Of Self Esteem, Self Concept And Identity...

Applied Assignment Option 3 Development of self-esteem, self-concept and identity through middle childhood and adolescence Anuja Rupesh Vora New York University The years between 6 and 18, middle childhood to adolescence is a time of important development that leads to the establishment of self-concept, self-esteem, and identity for children. Self-concept can be defined as an idea of the self that is created from the beliefs one holds about oneself and the way that others respond to the created self. On the other hand, self esteem can be defined as the confidence that one has in one’s own worth of abilities and self-respect. During these years, children take steps toward adulthood by becoming capable, self-governing, self-aware, and involved in the world beyond their families. Social relationships and roles change dramatically as children enter school, join programs, and become involved with peers and adults outside their families. The changes that characterize and lead to the development of self-concept and esteem as well as the formation of their identity, by looking at the examples of questions answered by an 11 year old and an 18 year old and previous research conducted in this area. In the early childhood years youngsters begins to organize the characteristics of the â€Å"Me-self† into sets of categories that display some consistency. Instead of specific behaviors, the subject emphasizes on capabilities. (Damon and Hart, 1988). For example, the childShow MoreRelatedDevelopment of Self Essay606 Words   |  3 PagesDevelopment of Self The development of self starts at a very young age. When a preschooler is asked how are they different from other children, they usually look at their self concept. Self concept is their identity, of their set of beliefs about what they are like as individuals. Most preschoolers give inaccurate statements about their self concept. They usually overestimate their skills and knowledge. Preschool-age children also begin to develop a view of self that reflects their particularRead MoreChildren s Development Of Self And Social Understandings883 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 12 discussed children’s development of self and social understandings. Sense of self refers to one’s own knowledge, beliefs and feelings. There are variations of self-perceptions such as self-concept, self-esteem and self-worth. The chapter examines self-perceptions through the transformations through the years. The purpose of sense of self allows children to understand their motivations, influences their behavior and allows them to find their niche. Psychologists believe in order to achieveRead MoreDoes Lower Self Esteem Force People?967 Words   |  4 PagesDoes lower self esteem force people to choose the path of isolation or can a different path be chosen instead? The answers to these questions can be found while studying Erik’s case of isolation and inferiority, and analysing the complexities of his personality in depth. Erik, a meteorology student and introvert in nature, has let his low self confidence force him to choose the path of isolation. What really motivates him to do so is something that makes me quite curious. As we see, Erik considersRead MoreThe Effects of Nature and Nurture in Middle Childhood1215 Words   |  5 PagesNature and Nurture in Middle Childhood† Middle Childhood is the name given for the age division from 6 to 11 years of a child’s life. They are also known as the â€Å"school years.† During this time a child’s health, education, and emotional well being are all undergoing changes. Though not as drastic as the changes they will soon face in adolescence, they are steady, and the impact that nature and nurture will have on these aspects reach far and wide across the many developments they face in theirRead MoreErik Erikson s Explanation Of Psychosocial Development1504 Words   |  7 Pagesof psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality in psychology. The term psychosocial development is the pattern of change in emotions, personality and social relationship (â€Å"A Child’s World† 10). Erikson believed that the achievements and failures of earlier stages influence later stages, whereas later stages change and transform earlier ones. His theory shows the impac t on social relationships throughout one’s entire life. Each individual goes through eight developmentalRead MoreSocialisation, Personal Identity, Gender Identity And Gender Roles1313 Words   |  6 PagesSocialisation, Personal identity, Gender Identity and Gender Roles: Boundless.com defines ‘Socialisation’ as â€Å"a term used to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies providing the individual with the skills and habits necessary for precipitating within one’s society, thus the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained† (Boundless.com, 2015). The process of socialisation involves an individual such as an adolescent to have interactionsRead MoreThe Human Lifespan Is Full Of Growth And Development2184 Words   |  9 Pages2023- Developmental Psychology Professor Hanselman-Scott 26 April 2015 The human lifespan is full of growth and development. Lifespan development is categorized into five major stages, which are the prenatal period, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. While physical changes are obvious, we also develop in less obvious ways, such as cognitively and socially. Development begins during the prenatal period. This developmental stage begins as soon as the sperm meets the egg and fertilizationRead MoreGender Differences in Adolescent Self-Esteem2538 Words   |  11 PagesGender Differences in Adolescent Self-Esteem Tiffany Grooms Arcadia University Self-esteem among children and adolescents is a persistent topic discussed in both professional and popular arenas. In fact, gender differences in self-esteem during the teenage years are widely featured in popular stereotypes, and for some time, accepted without actual support from empirical evidence. The ambiguousness of such an extensively talked about topic leads to an unclear picture of how adolescents view themselvesRead MoreThe Developmental Theories By Erik Erikson And Jean Piaget1728 Words   |  7 Pagesourselves (Robinson, 2008) When talking about psychological development in children and how various forms of abuse affect them, we must first discuss the two major developmental theories by Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget. The nature of development itself is dynamic, changing, exciting and challenging. â€Å"Before we can think about the world and our experiences we must first get to know it. We need to be able to have certain basic concepts in place, have ways of communicat ing effectively and understandRead MoreWhat Happens During The Prenatal Period And The Early Years Of A Child s Life2315 Words   |  10 Pagesinfluence the way the brain develops, as do such factors as nutrition and environmental safety. Although it is never too late to improve health and well-being, what happens during infancy and toddlerhood sets the stage for the journey through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Pre-Natal Period The first stage of labor encompasses the onset of labor to the complete dilatation of the cervix, and is subdivided into latent and active phases. The latent phase is the time when the cervix starts

Stratification Is Universal And Its Effect On Society

Stratification is universal. It is everywhere in the world. It takes different forms of different societies. In society we differ from each other based on our age, gender, race, and personal characteristics. Stratification is seeing and ranking an individual or a group of people who is higher than one another, who are high class, middle class, and lower class, based on their hierarchy of status levels like their status, the jobs they do like white collar or blue collar, the power they have, controlling people and telling what to do, and wealth, how much you get paid and if you are rich, gender, men might get more power, money, and privilege than women or vice versa, and ethnicity, African Americans as athlete, drug addict, and committing crimes. There Stratification is carried over generation to generation. If your parents are rich and you are born in that family, most likely your parents will pass down their business and reputation to you. Most likely, if you are born in a rich fami ly, you are most likely to live happily, enjoy life, do well in school, succeed in a career, and live a long life than a poor family. An article that I found in New York Times website that is called, â€Å"Nine Killed in Shooting at Black Church in Charleston.† Written by Jason Horowitz, Nick Corasaniti, and Ashley Southall. The article talks about a white gunman who opened fire Wednesday night at a historic black church downtown in Charleston, South Carolina, killing about nine people beforeShow MoreRelatedSocial Stratification And Its Effects On Society1266 Words   |  6 PagesSocial stratification is a way people categorize others in a socioeconomic strata. Social stratification has four principles: social stratification has and continues to persist over generations, it involves inequality, beliefs and other economic and ideological standards, it is universal but variable, and it is also a â€Å"trait† of society. Social stratification doesn’t categorize ce rtain individuals by their looks or popularity, but instead categorizes by different aspects such as the job they haveRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Stratification On Minorities1195 Words   |  5 Pageshave learned about social problems within the society in which we live and around the world. It is disturbing to learn that poverty, social inequality, race and cultural discrimination, gender stratification, environmental damage, population growth, and urbanization are among the social problems and controversial issues that still exist in the United States. What is Social Stratification Social stratification is defined as a system by which society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. ForRead MoreSome Principles Of Stratification By Kingsley Davis And Wilbert E. Moore1672 Words   |  7 Pageswill discuss â€Å"Some Principles of Stratification† by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore. Their work focuses on stratification, social class, positional rank, and their effects on individuals and society. The second work â€Å"Classes in Capitalism and Pre-Capitalism† by Karl Marx, highlights inequality in society regarding the relationship between the oppressor and the oppressed or the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, and methods of production and their effects on society. Finally, in â€Å"Who Rules AmericaRead MoreSocial Stratification1358 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿SOCIAL SCIENCE 101 (Society and Culture with Population Education) Unit IV. Social Stratification Meaning of Social Stratification When sociologists speak of stratification, they are referring to social inequality and social ranking, thus, stresses the differences among people. Is an institutionalized pattern of inequality in which social categories ranked on the basis of their access to scarce resources. Is the hierarchy arrangement and establishment of social categories that evolveRead MoreThe Impact of Social Class and Stratification1728 Words   |  7 Pages30 November, 2010 The Impact of Social Class/Stratification Stratification and the division of people into social classes is a fundamental part of American society. Stratification is a concept that is universal; it is found in every country, every nation of the world. It is a system in which large groups of people, not individuals, are divided into different layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige. Stratification applies not only to the different nations of theRead MoreAge Stratification1183 Words   |  5 PagesSocial stratification is not a new phenomenon; its roots extends far back into antiquity with some contending that archaeological evidence reveals that social stratification existed in Cro-Magnon society 10,000 or more years ago (Tattersall 1998:178). Social stratification may be based on many attributes; according to Arredondo Biological differences can produce, directly or indirectly, social stratification by factors such as age, gender, race, or socioeconomic status. Age stratification and ageismRead M oreSociology: Poverty and Stratification812 Words   |  4 PagesLiving with a poverty level income is a difficulty facing many people around the world; poverty is a cultural universal, or trait found in every known culture – not an expression of individual differences. The most basic explanation for this is the trend towards social stratification, the system by which society organizes itself into a hierarchy. In some cultures this is manifest in the form of a caste system in which people who are in poverty have little to no chance of escaping it. In the UnitedRead MoreAndrew Carnegie s Impact On The Industrial Revolution1703 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluencing the Industrial Revolution, which changed the economy of the US and the world forever. This era brought upon significant changes through economic developments that would not only change the ways of the economy but also the social aspect of society, especially within the cities where this growth was located. The shift fr om hand-made to machine-made products increased productivity and decreased costs. Through the innovations of the new forms of energy, such as iron, and then steel, establishmentsRead MoreSociology and Social Integration. D.1725 Words   |  7 Pagessociological imagination transformed: a. common sense into laws of society. b. people into supporters of the status quo. c. personal problems into public issues. d. scientific research into common sense. 5. _____ is a way of understanding the world based on science. a. Theology b. Positivism c. Metaphysics d. Free will Refresher: Culture Name: 1. The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society is referred to as: a. high culture. b. material cultureRead MoreThe Invention Of Everyday Life1056 Words   |  5 Pages In her article, The Invention of Everyday Life, Rita Felski describes the phrase â€Å"everyday life† as the routine activities and habitual experiences every member of society encounters from one day to the next. She argues that this concept has been shaped since the Hellenic Age, but became apparent particularly in the nineteenth century which is evident as the concept of â€Å"everyday life† became a reoccurring theme in literature and many other art forms during this time. Felski argues that this concept

The Message of the Gettysburg Address - 881 Words

The Message of the Gettysburg Address In 1863, the sixteenth President of the United States found himself engulfed by a horrific civil war and in leading his people to victory, Abraham Lincoln found himself in a predicament that required a well thought out motivational presentation. He found that opportunity with the address at Gettysburg. President Lincoln knew his people were dissatisfied with the loss of so many comrades and knew there must be a way he could prove that the lives of so many fallen soldiers, husbands, and sons were worth the efforts to restore the land of the free. The statement made in the Gettysburg Address to the people was a perfect example and in essence the embodiment of perfect communication. The audience of the†¦show more content†¦With the word spreading about the support that the soldiers had from the Commander in Chief the war soon saw a turn in favor for the Union and clearly the President demonstrated effective communication to the people he served. That speech has become known as one of the supreme masterpieces of eloquence in the English language.1 Having directly impacted theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Edward Everett s Gettysburg Address1433 Words   |  6 PagesMaria Mendez RHE 321- Principles of Rhetoric (43310) Professor Davida Charney Edward Everett’s Gettysburg Address Gettysburg Final Draft May 4, 2016 Abraham Lincoln is arguably one of the United States greatest presidents and is well-known for writing one of the most iconic literary pieces in American history, the Gettysburg Address. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is an outstanding 272-word oration, meant to have been a â€Å"few appropriate remarks† (Wills), yet it is considered to be one ofRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address981 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fourscore and seven years ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is the statement in which Abraham Lincoln started â€Å"The Gettysburg Address†.152 years ago, Lincoln delivered this well-known speech in front of an audience who was searching for help during a time of war. Some may believe it was not an inspiration why others will say it was. To some Americans, it might have even brought faith. Just like any other work, this essay was composed of a rhetorical situation and rhetorical devices; which can be broken down into specific fact orsRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Gettysburg Address And I Have A Dream Speech1065 Words   |  5 Pagesand every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children...will be able to join hands and sing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is the, slightly shortened, end quote of the famous I Have a Dream speech by. The Gettysburg address was a major turning point in American history for the topic of slavery. Martin Luther King Jrs I Have a Dream speech assisted in this Civil Rights movement. But, the question is, what all did they cause in our history? The reader is going toRead MoreWhat Makes A Great Speech So Memorable?1091 Words   |  5 Pagesyears, The Gettysburg Address and Eulogy for Princess Diana, and the rhetorical techniques used within to portray their messages. As stated by Nathaniel Hawthorne, ‘Words – so innocent and powerless as they are†¦,how potent for good and evil they become in the hands of one who knows how to combine them.’ To this day, perhaps one of the most famous and powerful speeches is Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. Similarly, Earl Spencer’s Eulogy for Princess Diana is an oration whose message can stillRead MoreStructure Of The Gettysburg Address899 Words   |  4 Pagesat odds and much blood was shed. The Battle of Gettysburg was particularly gruesome, but none the less a major win for the Union. Immediately after the battle, Lincoln was invited to speak on behalf of all fallen soldiers and on the victory that the Union so desperately needed. The Gettysburg Address motivated the American people to persevere and continue fighting the Confederacy in order to free the slaves and make the country whole again. An address such as this one gave the broken down people ofRead MoreThe B attle Of Gettysburg And The Civil War970 Words   |  4 Pagesour fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal†. One of the most well-known and 16th president of the United States stated these words at the Battle of Gettysburg. A two-minute speech that made such an emotional and passionate impact on the men then and future. He created a dramatic tone to empower, motivate, and engage in the new found nation where men were created equal. A purpose of his speech was aboutRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Speech939 Words   |  4 Pages Second, the words he chose to elicit emotion in the nation and to act upon those emotions. Finally, the rhetorical devices he chose within in his speech to ignite the nation to continue to fight for freedom and equality. Timing The Battle of Gettysburg took place in July 1863 (Conner, 2015). Thus far, the North had not won many battles for the Union during the Civil War (Conner, 2015). Lincoln wanted to capitalize on the victory to gain more support for the war, which had decreased in popularityRead MoreThe Gettysburg Address By President Abraham Lincoln1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Gettysburg Address was a speech composed and addressed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, at the time of the political fight in Gettysburg Pennsylvania. At that time, Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States. He was also the President who led America through the Civil War. During the Civil War, at Gettysburg, some soldiers died protecting the nation. This was mentioned in Lincoln’s speech, which was meant to be dedicated to the soldiers who died defending their people. He spokeRead MoreAbraham Lincoln Reaffirmed the Values of Our Founding Fathers678 Words   |  3 Pagesof America, set off for Gettys burg in order to consecrate Gettysburg National Cemetery. In an uncharacteristically short speech-at least for the 1860s-Lincoln was able to reaffirm the values our Founding Fathers had laid down in the Declaration of Independence as well as the Constitution, and painted a vision of a unified United States where freedom and democracy would be the rule for all citizens. Lincoln utilized various rhetorical devices to make the Gettysburg Address accomplish two tasks inRead MoreVictory Spirit866 Words   |  4 PagesReborn† he talks about the Gettysburg Address in comparison to 9/11 and he also analyzes the Gettysburg Address in more depth and has a specific purpose for writing his article. On the other hand in James Wood’s â€Å"Victory Speech† he talks about how President Obama flowed through different things, Wood also analyzes certain details of Obama’s speech, and offers some critique. â€Å"Now, as then, a national spirit rose from the ashes of destruction† (Safire 41). The Gettysburg Address was given after a horrible

Inequlity in South Asia Free Essays

Efforts to solve inequality in South Asia have had no Impact. † How far do you agree? Explain your answer with reference to examples from both gender and caste inequality. In south Asia, there are critical Inequalities practicing, especially the gender and caste Inequalities. We will write a custom essay sample on Inequlity in South Asia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Realizing the harm that these Inequalities will bring, governments as well as non-government organizations are putting great efforts to improve this situation. However, based on what is happening right now in south Asian countries, these efforts did not really help. Although the disadvantages present much more in political positions compare to before, but the mind-set is still ingrained in people’s heart. Therefore, I agree to a large extend that efforts to solve inequality in South Asia have had no impact. Politically, situation is improving with the effort of the government. It is a government’s responsibility in a modern world to help the people been systematically oppressed. Governments can also promote their international image by helping the disadvantages, through reserving seats for lower caste for example. This does help in solving Inequality In amount of people who inning the government. Under the 73rd Amendment Act of the Constitution, India had proffered 33% reservation for women In rural and urban local bodies. The Parliament raised the percentage of women to 50% In local bodies in 2009. Currently, there are more than a million elected women representative in local bodies. At present, 22. 5% of places in government-funded academic institutions are set aside for Dalais and listed tribes who make up roughly 25% of the population. Therefore, there are some achievement in fighting against inequality in political Jobs. Governments also have good policy in solving the problem but they are not implemented well. Once It is out of the control of the government, it will be very hard to really be implemented. Since there are no obvious consequences, not many people will be willing to obey the rules. A state In India had committed $15,000 to construct a new school building, $900 for a new kitchen and $400 for new school benches. But only some of the money had arrived, so no construction had started a chairman of a village said $750 had been demanded of his village committee In exchange for building permits. N Pakistan, a young married woman, Samba Impair, as shot in the office of a lawyer helping her to seek a divorce which her family could never countenance, no government minister has condemned the killing, nobody has been arrested for Samba’s murder, no government minister has condemned the killing. Therefore, it is really hard to implement government’s good policy to solve the problems. T he most serious thing Is, public still have a strong sense of discrimination. The thousand years old mind-set is very hard to change once It is set up in people’s thinking. Moreover, since some people can still benefit a lot from these Inequalities, hey will not willing to change their mind and give up practicing these Inequalities so easily. For Instance, Harlan, a state In north India, Is notorious for frequent murders of young men and women who transgress. Caste is still an important criteria in Five women were buried alive in Pakistan ‘honor killing’ on 02 September 2008. Girl babies are killed by the mother and buried surreptitiously with the connivance of the elders in the family and some grooms are still asking for dowry. Unfortunately, education and economic development do not solve the problems: gender imbalance s more serious in richer area since more people can afford to do ultrasound check in India. Various examples around the world prove that, the ancient mind-set is wide spread in today’s world in South Asia. However, think of the achievement been made in politic, there is only a very tiny amount of women or the lower caste are able to enter government to work and the work they do might not necessarily important. While the policy not been implemented and the mind-set among the majority of Indian can actually influence a very huge number of the people. In rural area of India, even teachers practice fierce discrimination on lower caste students, without mass education, it is almost impossible to change the mind-set of the public. Thus, the achievement is still small compare to the problem. Perhaps the government need to be guaranteed to ensure its policy and correct education about inequality must cover the whole country. Yet, it requires time to improve the situation. In conclusion, there are a lot of efforts been made, and there are achievement, but the not many people can enjoy the achievement and effort been made has no much impact. Hence, I agree o a large extend that Efforts to solve inequality in South Asia have had no impact. Although the caste system, dowry, and honor killing are outlaw, a long time ago, people still have a strong sense of discrimination: they are not willing to change. Teacher practice Politically: Government works very to Women’s dalais percentage. Socially: mind-set examples: honor killing, cross marriage. Infanticide. Examining Equal voting right The parliament raised the percentage of women to 50% in local bodies in 2009 The provisional census for 2011 indicates a positive increase of 1 1. % in literacy rate amongst women. Protection of women from domestic violence act enacted in 2005 has given women a powerful tool. Anti-trafficking nodal cells adopting victims. Rescue, rehabilitation reintegration, repatriation. The government responsibility to ensure the laws being implemented, not changing mind-set. So the state government has offered to adopt abandoned babies as an incentiv e against killing them. In most cases, Nags say that the baby is killed by the mother and buried surreptitiously with the connivance of the elders in the family. In the last five months alone 47 babies have been received. How to cite Inequlity in South Asia, Papers

A Comprehensive Discharge Planning is Mandatory for Continuity

Question: Discuss about the Comprehensive Discharge Planning is Mandatory for Continuity of Care. Answer: Introduction:- The readmission rates for elderly patients of age around 65 years and above within a period of 30 days was about 19 % during the period of 2011 to 2013 in private hospitals according to statistics given by ministry of health, Singapore. In 2013 the rates for readmission of these older patients was 18.5 % in Tan Tock Seng hospital and 21.1 % at Khoo Teck Puat Hospital. These readmission rates were of serious concern for elderly people. Many factors contribute for this readmission like quality of patient care, the transitions from hospital to primary and community care and the care of the follow up including the rehabilitation care. One of the main reason or factor for this also is the environment of the home and family support. These readmission rates can also vary based on the types and ranges of the cases. The hospitals are at disadvantage as they are not able to provide critical emergency care thus a comprehensive discharge planning is required in which bio psychosocial approach is mandatory for the continuity of care in elderly patients with chronic diseases to prevent readmission. This report contains the biopsychosocial approach which can be followed for such type of patients. Biopsychosocial approach is a part of discharge planning which if followed properly will prevent readmission of patients. Biopsychosocial approach for continuity of care: This is a combination of approaches of three field disciplines including biological, psychological, and social aspects. These factors combined should be followed for proper continuity of care of elderly patients with chronic disease. If these factors are taken care of then the health conditions are improved of elder patients and they are not required for readmission in hospitals (Bayliss et al., 2017). Biological aspect approach for care:- Creation of a physical environment which needs to be supportive:- Elderly people having chronic illness have greater chance of developing functioning limitations and disabilities. If the patients are kept in poor living condition then there can be risk of home injury. A supportive physical environment requires safe and accessible living environment for the elderly (Van leon, 2014). The elderly patient with chronic illness can preserve their functional ability by using proper aids like leg braces and wheel chairs. Home accidents can be reduced by modifying the home conditions for safety like installing smoke detector and handrails. Management of diseases:- The elderly patient and their family should be well informed regarding the health condition, treatment which is going on cost involved in maintenance of the health. The family of the patients should be provided with the information regarding the needs of the elderly patients and also should get the support for decision making. This support can be provided if the health professional visits the patient and their family and give health seminars and education on management of health. For prevention and care of the disease the elderly is suffering comprehensive self care programs have to be done. Some facilities have to kept so that the symptoms of diseases like pain can be sub sized. Proper coordination is required for the delivery of the service. Proper medicines should be given if pains increase.(Bosquette et al., 2014). Psychological aspect approach for care: Psychological care is one of the significant part of the care of elderly patient. Psychological aspects involve the individualized therapy for treatment of behavioral and emotional conditions of elderly patients suffering from chronic illness. Behavioral disturbances is the behavioral or psychological syndrome or a pattern associated with the distress functional disability or difficult to interact with others and environment (Friedrich, 2015). The therapy which is used to reduce anxiety and depression of the patient and the clinical symptoms of the disease is the cognitive behavioral therapy and solution based therapy. It is known from the studies that clinical symptoms can occur in the absence of inflammation or other visible manifestation also (Vandersteen, 2014). In the elderly patient there are many stress inducers relating to the personal situations in the life stage which are responsible to create anxiety and depression and also contribute to symptoms without any visible cause. Thus individual therapy is used which can reduce and eliminate the symptoms and increasing physical and psychological wellness. The behavioral aspect includes aggression, sleep disturbances etc. the aggression of patient can be dangerous for both family caregivers and hospital nurses (Kress et al., 2014). This can be due to symptoms of disease or effects of poor care approach. Aggression can be controlled by proper counseling of the patient by doctor (Menec , 2006). Sleeping disturbances and other such factors can be reduced by proper medication and counseling by caregivers. There should be proper monitoring of diet , smoking habit or alcohol intake by the caregiver and prevented for proper health care. If exercise is required for the patient then it should be done with proper guidance. There may sometime situation in which the patient can get emotional. This emotion can be related to stress regarding to disease. In such cases patients should be properly counseled with the help of friends and depression psychotherapy should be done. The patient should be able to cope up with the emotions or else this can lead to severe depression which can cause hindrance in the continuity of care (Wallace, 2015). Training should be be given to the patients to scope up with pain and discomfort. When the elderly patient is suffering from chronic disease there is a disruptio n in daily work for them and their family life. Thus in such cases counseling for family is required and the patients should be helped by the care givers so that they can do their daily activities with ease. Social aspect approach for care: Creating a supportive social environment which is supportive: As there is need for creating a suitable physical environment likewise there is also need for creation of a social environment for better care of elderly patients. Elderly people require a wide range of supports so that they can avoid institutionalization and they can continue to live in the community. Proper community based care should be provided like medical and social service linked to community (Llewellyn et al., 2014). Some community basenursing services should also be engaged for the elderly patients. Many patients of chronically ill nature can get benefit by supportive services which can include home help services transportation services for them. Use of formal and informal social support systems can also be used. The interactions between the patient and their environment can also increase the adapting ability of patient, information access and also motivation of them to survive the tough phase. Formal and informal supports sometimes also complement each other which depends o n the nature of services provided (Pergolizzi, 2014). For long time commitment case the flexibility of time can be required which is taken care by informal sources. On other hand formal sources help in providing knowledge and reference. By providing emotional and informational support formal and informal support networks help the elderly patient with chronic diseases. There are many community based social care programs which provide the patients with assistance in daily living activities delivery of meal and services for transportation. Services from these care workers are required for maintaining daily functioning. Sometimes there should be support from friends neighbors who can help the patient in crisis assistance and help during illness by speaking and informal support (Rubinstein, 2014). Programs should be developed to train informal caregivers the skills required during crisis situations like home injury. Elderly patients social network not only is a major channel of advice and support during illness but also is a main source for improving health beliefs and knowledge about options in medical field. The support of information for the elderly patient should be improved in community based social health care program. Family members paid care workers and volunteers can be marked to provide support of information to the elderly by doing home visi t and contacting them over phone. All these support care systems are important for patients with chronic disease who choose to make informed choice for achievement of health care. Conclusion: Many research and studies related to that have shown that there are many benefits of discharge planning with older patients with chronic illness. If this planning is not proper then the older patients again are readmission with complications after discharge. These patients should be given proper health service within their community according to the discharge plan. It should be cost effective and proper counseling of the patient and their family should be done. The discharge plan should be properly designed by professionals and implemented to reduce post discharge complications. With the increase of older patient illness it becomes necessary to do a biopsychosocial assessment of needs and resources required for it. (Pulvirenti, McMillan Lawn 2014) . Biopsychosocial assessment services are those services which help the patient and their family and providers of health care to manage the psychological, behavioral and social characteristics of illness and its effects to promote good health. The proper assessment is to be made and the needs to be met so that proper care for elderly patients are done. These also include details regarding health insurance and counseling regarding financial needs for coping up with these situations for patients. In this report all aspects regarding discharge planning and assessment of the biopsychosocial needs has been covered for older patients suffering from chronic disease. References: Bayliss, E. A., Ellis, J. 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